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The equipment listed in Road and Highways consists mostly of equipment that is specifically used in the final stages of construction or in the maintenance of roads and highways. Many of the equipment models listed in earthmoving and mining are also used in road and highway construction. Examples of this are the scrapers, dozers, and loaders. Excavators are also commonly used in road and highway construction and are listed in the excavation and trenching section of this website.The construction of road and highways basically consists of 3 phases, rough grading (or earthmoving), fine grading (which includes sub-grade preparation), and surfacing, which can include gravel, concrete, asphalt, or any combination of the three. Compaction is also a major element of all road and highway construction. Sufficient compaction of basic fill, gravels, and asphalt will ensure maximum life of the road structure. Operators must be capable of performing their work in a manner that will provide for maximum compaction. Operators who are involved in fine grading operations must be able to grade surfaces to very fine tolerances, requiring great skill as an operator.This often includes changing the moisture level in the material being compacted. Machines may work to add moisture (water trucks and graders) or to reduce moisture levels (discs, mixers, graders, etc.). Paving using concrete or asphalt has evolved significantly over the years, and today’s machines can produce large quantities of paved surfaces in record time.

EXCAVATION & TRENCHING

The equipment in this category includes machines that are used in digging excavations and in trenching operations. While any operation that involves digging material could be called an excavation, we have listed equipment here that is most often used to dig more size limited excavations and trench excavations.
Some of the equipment listed in this section is used in various precision type excavating due to their maneuverability. The large “mass excavators” will be found in the earthmoving and mining section that follows.
Leading the list of excavating and trenching equipment s is a combination type machine called the loader backhoe, backhoe loader, or tractor backhoe. This is one of the most versatile pieces of equipment built.
Dredges are machines that are used to excavate are that are under water. Dredges are used to deepen harbours and waterways and in that sense are excavating machines and are included in this section. They are also used in underwater mining.
Excavators come in two basic forms, tracked and wheeled. The tracked excavator is more common place, due to it having better flotation and traction characteristics than the wheeled excavator. These machines are used in many different industries due to their versatility.
Chain and wheel trenchers are effective at creating trenches that are dug close to design depth. Trenches that are not dug deep enough can often result in having to re-dig the trench, often from the side in an operation known as side-digging. This can be very wasteful and expensive. Digging trenches that are deeper than necessary is also wasteful and expensive, and is known as unnecessary “overdig”.
Operators of the equipment in this section are often called on to create excavations or trenches with sloped banks, as required due to various regulations or requirements.

BACKHOE LOADER

A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe or tractor backhoe, is a heavy equipment vehicle that consists of a tractor fitted with a bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. Due to its relatively small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban construction projects. These machines travel on rubber tires, and can actually travel at speeds of approx. 25 mph/40 kmh. This makes these machines very popular where travel between worksites or excavations is required often.
These machines can dig small excavations, dig trenches, and using the loader attachment on the front of the machine can move material such as sand or gravel and can be used to can load trucks.

CONSULTING

A heavy equipment consultant should be an industry expert with a broad knowledge of all subjects related to assessing your business needs and helping you improve safety, increase productivity, and lower maintenance costs.
Important consulting services include, but are not limited to:

• safety assessments

• performance strategy creation

• operational efficiency studies

• policy creation

• safety programs

• operational assessments

MOTOR GRADER

A grader is a machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads. In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for th

Jaw

A jaw or toggle crusher consists of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw being fixed and the other being moved back and forth relative to it by a cam or pitman mechanism. The jaws are farther apart at the top than at the bottom, forming a tapered chute so that the material is crushed progressively smaller and smaller as it travels downward until it is small enough to escape from the bottom opening. The movement of the jaw can be quite small, since complete crushing is not performed in one stroke. The inertia required to crush the material is provided by a weighted flywheel that moves a shaft creating an eccentric motion that causes the closing of the gap.

Vibratory Steel Drum compactor

Vibratory roller compactor is used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. It is widely used to compress the surface being rolled to ensure a smooth, even surface. Vibratory rollers are widely used for compacting asphalt pavements because they achieve the required densities faster.

 ROLLER

Pneumatic tired roller

Pneumatic tire compactors are used on small to medium size compaction jobs, primarily on bladed, granular base materials. Pneumatics are not suited for high production, thick lift embankment compaction projects.

One advantage that pneumatic compactors have is that there is little bridging effect between the tires. Therefore, they seek out soft spots which may exist in the fill. For this reason, they are sometimes referred to as “proof” rollers.

Another advantage is that pneumatic rollers can be used on both soil and asphalt so a road building contractor can save by having one compactor for both stages of construction – base and asphalt.

 PADDED DRUM COMPACTOR

Padded Drum Compactor
Padded drum compactors are usually applied to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. The pads are involuted to walk out of the lift without fluffing the soil and tapered to help clean themselves.

TRANSPORTATION

Trucks and other transportation equipment in this section are limited to those that travel on public roadways. These vehicles have become larger over the years, as engines and systems have become available that provide power and torque levels that are much, much greater than in the past. One of the basic requirements for all these vehicles is that they do not exceed a maximum load weight for each tire that contacts the ground. This is done to prevent damage to roadways. There are minimum distances between these wheels as well, and this has resulted in multi wheel combinations.

Rules and regulations exist that specify what these limits are, and these rules and regulations are generally specific to a geographic area, such as s state, province, or country.

Special configuration of these vehicles also allows them to be used for special purposes. Examples of this are bed trucks and Texas rig-ups used in the oilpatch